Gynecology

Laparoscopic surgery is a modern technique in which operations in the abdomen cavity are performed through small incision (usually 0.5-1.5cm) as compared to larger incisions needed in traditional surgical procedures. Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities.

The key element in laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope. There are two types: a telescopic rod optical system that is usually connected to a video camera or a digital laparoscope where the charge - coupled device is placed at the end of the laparoscope eliminating the rod lens system. Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a 'cold' light source to illuminate the operative field, inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula to view the operative field. The abdomen cavity is usually insufflated with CO2 gas to create a working and viewing space.

Advantages

There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure (Laparotomy). These include:

Less blood loss
Smaller incision, which reduces pain and shortens recovery time
Less pain, leading to less pain medication needed
Hospital stay is less, and often with a same day discharge.
Reduced exposure of internal organs to possible external contaminants thereby reduced risk of acquiring infections.

Risks

Some of the risks are briefly described below:

The most significant risks are from trocar injuries to either blood vessels or small or large bowel. The risk of such injuries is increased in patients who are obese or have a history of prior abdominal surgery
Electrical burns can result in perforated organs and can lead to peritonitis
Pulmonary intolerance caused by the pressure of the insufflating gas
Patients can often have trouble walking after surgery for a few days